四川巴郎山齿果酸模叶片氮素及其分配的海拔响应

在卧龙自然保护区, 按海拔梯度选择了齿果酸模(Rumex dentatus)的4个分布地点(2350、2700、3150和3530 m), 对各研究地点的齿果酸模进行了叶片光合、扩散导度、叶片碳稳定同位素组成(δ¹³C)、氮素含量、光合氮利用效率(PNUE)、比叶面积(SLA))等参数的测量, 以期揭示该植物叶片氮素、氮素分配情况及其他生理生态参数随海拔的响应趋势, 进而明确氮素及其分配在齿果酸模响应和适应海拔梯度环境的生物学过程中的作用。结果表明: 随着海拔的升高, 齿果酸模的叶片单位面积氮含量(N_area)随之增加, 进而光合能力随之增加。随着海拔升高而增加的扩散导度也在一定程度上促进了这一趋势, 这可能是落叶草本植物对于高海拔低温所导致的叶寿命缩短的适应结果。沿着海拔梯度, 植物叶片氮素和扩散导度均通过羧化位点与外界CO₂分压比(P_c/P_a)而间接影响叶片δ¹³C值, 且相比之下, 以氮素为基础的羧化能力对于P_c/P_a的作用更大些, 进而导致齿果酸模叶片δ¹³C随海拔增加; 随着海拔的升高, 齿果酸模叶片将更多的氮素用于防御性结构组织的建设, 这也是SLA和PNUE降低的主要原因; 在光合系统内部, 随着海拔的升高, 植物光合组织增加了用于捕光系统氮素的比例, 使得植物可以更好地利用随海拔升高而增强的光照资源, 进而促进了光合能力的增加。可见, 氮素及其在叶片各系统间(尤其是在光合系统与非光合系统间)的分配方式是齿果酸模适应和响应海拔梯度环境的关键。     

A multiscale analysis of herbaceous species richness in a Mediterranean ecosystem

Aims Studies of species distribution patterns traditionally have been conducted at a single scale, often overlooking species–environment relationships operating at finer or coarser scales. Testing diversity-related hypotheses at multiple scales requires a robust sampling design that is nested across scales. Our chief motivation in this study was to quantify the contributions of different predictors of herbaceous species richness at a range of local scales.Methods Here, we develop a hierarchically nested sampling design that is balanced across scales, in order to study the role of several environmental factors in determining herbaceous species distribution at various scales simultaneously. We focus on the impact of woody vegetation, a relatively unexplored factor, as well as that of soil and topography. Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) imaging enabled precise characterization of the 3D structure of the woody vegetation, while acoustic spectrophotometry allowed a particularly high-resolution mapping of soil CaCO 3 and organic matter contents.Important findings We found that woody vegetation was the dominant explanatory variable at all three scales (10, 100 and 1000 m 2), accounting for more than 60% of the total explained variance. In addition, we found that the species richness–environment relationship was scale dependent. Many studies that explicitly address the issue of scale do so by comparing local and regional scales. Our results show that efforts to conserve plant communities should take into account scale dependence when analyzing species richness–environment relationships, even at much finer resolutions than local vs. regional. In addition, conserving heterogeneity in woody vegetation structure at multiple scales is a key to conserving diverse herbaceous communities.     

麻阳河自然保护区黑叶猴夏季的夜宿行为

因昼行性灵长类动物一天中相当一部分时间在其夜宿地度过,其夜宿行为在一定程度上影响着它们的活动方式与行为特点(Anderson,1998).对夜宿行为的观察可收集白天无法收集到的灵长类社会活动和社会关系的信息,如夜宿地分布(sleeping site)、睡眠时间(time)、睡眠抱团组成(huddling)等(Takahashhi,1997;Ogawa etal.,2007;黎大勇,2010),灵长类夜宿行为的研究对于分析了解其白昼活动方式与行为适应特点具有重要的启迪作用(Anderson,1998).     

Species Diversity and Altitudinal Gradient Patterns of Evergreen Broad leaved Forest in MeihuashanNational Natural Reserve,Fujian Province

In China, evergreen broad leaved forests (EBLFs) is one of the most important vegetation types which was widly distributed in subtropical area, and it plays a very important role in the global biological diversity and natural environment conservation also. In order to reveal species diversity and altitudinal gradient patterns of evergreen broad leaved forest in Meihuashan National Natural Reserve, Fujian Province. Five altitude transects were set up at a vertical interval of 200m between 375m and 1300m above sea level in the EBLFs distribution areas, and twenty four quadrats(14400m2) had been surveyed. Species richness(S), species richness index (dGl), Simpson index (D), Shannon Wiener index (H′), Pielou evenness index (J) had been used for analysis of species diversity and altitudinal gradient pattern of EBLFs. The average value of S, dGl, H′,J and D were 64.42, 10.75, 5.75, 3.50, 0.58 respectively. The difference of community species diversity index(S, dGl, D, H′, and J) was extremely significant between transects, and the altitudinal gradient patterns of species diversity presented the unimodal variable trend, with a peak in the mid altitude(700m-900m). The species richness and Shannon Wiener index of different layer were ranked as shrub layer (include young tree and the plants between layers)>arbor layer>herb layer. The species richness of tree and shrub layer, and Shannon Wiener index of tree layer were significantly different between at transects, and trends of altitude gradient was similar to community. The Shannon Wiener index of shrub layer and herb layer, and the species richness of herb layer did not change significantly along elevation gradient. Therefore, plant species diversity distribution pattern presented a unimodal variable trend along an elevation gradient, and supported “mid domain model” in EBLFs of Meihuashan National Nature Reserve.     

车八岭山地常绿阔叶林冰灾后林木受损的生态学评估

从植物生态学的角度对2008年初南方冻雨冰雪灾害对典型的亚热带山地常绿阔叶林造成的损害情况做了研究。对12个优势种和亚优势种的受灾情况做了对比分析, 对不同径级和不同地形因子下林木抵抗冻雨灾害的差异做了对比。统计检验结果显示林木受损程度存在显著的种间差异、径级差异和地形级差异。优势种米槠(Castanopsis carlesii)比多数亚优势种受害更严重; 各树种抗冻雨灾害能力以山茶科和樟科的种较强, 而壳斗科的多个种, 如米槠、栲(C. fargesii)受灾较为严重; 林木的受损比例随着胸径(diameter at breast height, DBH)增加而增大; 在未受灾的各级林木中, 超过70%的个体集中在最小一级径阶(1-5 cm)。χ²检验显示坡度、坡向、坡位等地形因子对林木受损状况有显著的影响, 随着坡位上升, 林木受损程度逐渐加重, 上坡位的林木受损比例最大, 下坡位最小, 这可能与随着坡位升高, 迎风面降温效果更迅速有关。对于坡向和坡度而言, 位于半阳坡的林木受灾比例显著高于半阴坡, 位于坡度级III (15°-25°)、IV (25°-35°)、V (35°-45°)上的林木受灾最严重。该研究结果对于亚热带常绿阔叶林的保育和应对未来可能再次发生的冰雪灾害有重要意义; 同时对于森林恢复和演替、乡土阔叶树种的选育及森林经营等方面的研究和应用也有重要的参考价值。     

白鹇种群分布与栖息地斑块特征的关系

为了解白鹇(Lophura nycthemera)种群分布与栖息地斑块特征之间的关系,于1998年9月至1999年8月在浙江省古田山国家自然保护区及其外围地区对白鹇种群进行调查.通过羽迹法调查并估计斑块内局部种群数量的相对大小,分析斑块内植被及景观特征对斑块占有及种群相对密度大小的影响.结果表明,斑块面积、总盖度、乔木层盖度和灌木层高度等对斑块内有无白鹇出现影响显著,斑块面积大、总盖度及乔木层盖度高、灌木层高度高的斑块内白鹇出现率高,斑块面积大则局部种群的相对密度也大,两者间呈极显著正线性相关.     

广西龙虎山自然保护区种子植物区系分析

本文对广西龙虎山自然保护区种子植物区系进行分析。龙虎山有野生种子植物851种,隶属136科536属。龙虎山区系世界分布科占25.0%,热带分布科占59.6%,温带分布科占15.4%。热带分布占本区系总属数的80.6%;温带分布占本区系总属数的18.4%,中国特有分布属占1.0%。龙虎山种子植物区系具有明显的热带性质和岩溶区系性质,特有现象较丰富。     

广东车八岭国家级自然保护区生物资源及保护对策

报道了车八岭国家级自然保护区生物的资源,计有植物1928种,动物1558种。分析了影响生物多样性保护的主要因素,指出当地居民乱砍滥捕、乱挖滥采是对保护区内生物多样性的最大威胁。讨论了生物多样性的保护对策。在保护自然资源的同时,该保护区创造性地设立生态村,妥善安置居民,走出了一条自然保护区与当地经济协调、持续发展的道路,既保护了自然资源,又取得了良好的社会效益和经济效益。车八岭国家级自然保护区的生物资源保护对策和经营管理经验,对我国自然保护事业具有重要的启示作用。     

韶关国家级自然保护区生态旅游资源及其定量化评价

韶关市是广东省自然保护区最集中的地区.近几年来,在可持续发展发展理念的指导下,自然保护区生态旅游开发蓬勃发展.论文介绍了韶关市三个国家级自然保护区的生态旅游资源特点,探讨利用模糊数学评价指标体系进行定量评价.通过对车八岭、南岭、丹霞山三个国家级自然保护区生态旅游自然景观资源比较分析,运用三种运算方法得出了较一致的结论.结果显示南岭自然保护区资源评价最好,车八岭其次,丹霞山则相对较低.根据评价结果提出了建立生态网络、加强环境建设以及社区参与等可持续发展建议.     

汕头海岸湿地自然保护区的生态旅游资源与开发前景分析

生态旅游是生态、经济和社会三种效益相统一的旅游资源开发新思路。根据汕头海岸湿地自然保护区的自然环境和景观资源特点及其分布状况,在该保护区内适度开展生态旅游活动,是实现可持续发展的必由之路。通过详细的调查研究和勘探,发现海岸湿地的自然旅游资源丰富,生态环境优美,地理位置条件优越,周边人文、海域景观丰富多彩。对自然保护区的生态旅游进行了总体规划,拟将自然保护区的实验区内即新津河口至南港口的834.89hm²湿地作为开展生态旅游活动区。并进行了环境容量及旅游效益分析。通过生态旅游活动,不但能为保护区增强自我发展潜力,还能促进周边群众发展服务性经营,增加经济收入,扩大人员就业。